آزمون دکتری MHLE ویژه دوطلبین وزارت بهداشت - اینجا کلیک کنید

Khordad 94
Section 1: Listening Comprehension Code 3
Part A: Short Conversations (Questions 1-23)
Directions: In this part, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your booklet and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Do not mark in the test booklet.
1. What does the woman mean?Mike shouldn’t skip classes and borrow notes.Mike always borrow notes from his classmates.Mike is least likely to skip classes.Mike needs to get the material taught in class.
2. What does the man imply?The office is closed for the day.The officer will return in the morning.There is an opening at 9 tomorrow morning.The office is open until 9 o’clock.
3. What does the woman mean?She is sorry that the ordered that salad.She didn’t get the salad she ordered.She is sorry, but this salad is not hers.This salad does not taste very good.
4. What does the man mean?Did Mr. Calvert say something about his back?Did Mr. Calvert say when he is plaing to return?Mr. Calvert forgot it’s time for him to come back.Mr. Calvert said he isn’t going to come back.
5. What does the woman mean?The library sells books and postcards.Postcards are available to library users.The library will let you know when the book arrives.You need to have a card to have your books sent.
6. What does not man say about Steve?He does not know how to cook.He had dier at a restaurant.He doesn’t like to stand while cooking.He went shopping and then had dier.
7. What does the woman imply?Students are permitted to use bikes.Students with bikes are counted regularly.Permits for bikes are available.Bikes can be purchased next door.
8. What does the man mean?They haven’t told him when to turn in the paper.They told him when the assignment is due, but he forgot.He wishes they would tell him where to pay the dues.He wanted to tell them when to turn in the assignment.
9. What does the woman mean?The garbage can be stored in the garage.The driver is parking in the garage.The driver crashed into the garage.The garbage can be near the garage.
10. What does the man mean?Joan didn’t hear the first half of the speech.Joan heard nothing from half of the speakers.Half of the people in the room did not hear the speaker.The speaker did not speak loudly enough.
11. What does the woman mean?On campus, your phone can be hooked up only once.Campus calls can’t be made from your phone.You caot call off campus until your phone is coected.You can’t call collect unless you live on campus.
12. What does the man mean?The drug store sells toothpaste.The drugstore does not have toothpaste.Drugstores used to sell toothpaste.Toothpaste and drugs are sold everywhere.
13. What does the woman imply?The truck on your right has no ticket.If you buy a ticket, you can pass the driving test.Passing on the right is against the law.Trucks get tickets for passing, but cars don’t.
14. What does the man say about his father?He didn’t travel to college.He didn’t attend college.He didn’t go to school.He didn’t want to go far.
15. What does the woman mean?Most students ignore the directions on paperwork.If students can’t read, they can’t fill out forms.Students don’t read their instructor’s forms.Most forms for students don’t have instructions.
16. What did the man mean?The movie theater is around the corner.The movie theater is to your left.The next turn is by the movie theater.The movie theater is a mile away.
17. What does the woman mean?Julie’s courses are full and closed.Julie is carrying a bag full of books.Julie can’t carry all these courses.Julie is enrolled as a full-time student.
18. What does the man mean?Everyone who went on the trip fell.The trip was not well attended.The trip was hard to make in one day.Many students tripped and fell.
19. What does the woman mean?Neither team won.Men swim better than women.Did the men’s team win?Is Tim the head of the team?
20. What does the man mean?She had a good chance to see the report.Chances are she was looking at a reporter.Has this report been changed yet?Has she had time to read the report?
21. What does the woman mean?The weather is unpredictable.Rain is predicted for today.She heard the weather report.This year, it’s been raining often.
22. Where is this conversation taking place?At a police stationIn an insurance agencyIn a car repair shopAt a doctor’s office
23. What is Acme Services?A house-cleaning businessA plumbing companyA lawn serviceAn electrical supply store
PART B: Long Conversation (Questions 24-27)
Directions: In this part, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be spoken
only one time, so you must listen carefully. In your test booklet you will read 4
questions. Choose the best answer and mark it on your answer sheet. Do not mark in
the booklet.
24. Where does this exchange probably take place?At a country fairIn the woodsOn a sidewalkOn a playground
25. When does this conversation probably occur?In the eveningIn the morningIn the fallIn the spring
26. Why do trees change color?They shed their leaves in the fall.There are fewer daylight hours.Young trees require a blanket.Red and yellow are prettier than green.
27. Why does the woman say scientifically accurate or not?She doesn’t care about his explanation.She doesn’t understand scientific facts.She doesn’t believe the man.She doesn’t like autumn.
PART C: Mini Lecture (Questions 28-30)
Directions: In this part, you will hear a mini lecture. The lecture will be spoken only one time, so
You must listen carefully. In your test booklet you will read 3 questions. Choose
the best answer and mark it on your answer sheet. Do not mark in the test booklet.
28. According to the speaker, why is groundwater important?It represents an essential supply of water.Its sources can be renewed indefinitely.It always provides a usable source of water.Its development is important in the United States.
29. What are the causes of decrease in the groundwater supply?Increased rain and agricultural irrigationIncreased use and contaminationAirborne bacteria and atmospheric oxygenSurface runoff and turbulence
30. How long does it take to cleanse groundwater supply?Several yearsThousands of yearsDozens of yearsCenturies
Section 2. Structure & Vocabulary
PART A. Structure
I) Sentence Completion (Questions 31-40)
Direction: This part of the test consists of sentences with a word or phrase missing in each. Read
each item carefully and then select one of the four choices which best completes the
sentence. Do not mark in the test booklet.
31. Copper is the favored metal for electricians’ wire because of -----.it is an excellent conductorits excellent conductivityexcellent conductivity of itso conductive is it
32. Vitamins are organic compounds ----- and must be ingested to maintain proper bodily functions.that they can’t be produced by the bodythe body can’t produce themnot produced them by the bodythat can’t be produced by the body
33. Although most cats hate to swim, ----- if necessary.they can do sobut they can do soso can they dothey can so do
34. -----, regarded by archaeologists as the world’s oldest continuously inhabited city, is the capital of Syria.Damascus isDamascus beingDamascusThat Damascus
35. Many health food advocates maintain -----.eggs and milk should be avoidingthat eggs and milk should be avoidedto avoiding eggs and milkthe avoided eggs and milk
36. The primary symptoms of tiitus are intermittent headaches and -----.to ring in the earsa ringing in the earsin the ears ringthe ringing in ears
37. Only ----- feathered creatures inhabit he Arctic region year round.a fewfewerfewer thanas few as
38. Modern scaing technology enables physicians to identify brain disorders earlier ----- than in the past.and more accurateand more accuratelyaccurate and moreaccurately and more
39. Temperature inversions often occur when ----- in the late afternoon.that the earth’s surface is cooledalso the earth’s surface is cooledthe earth’s surface is cooledearth’s surface is cooled
40. The basic source of calories glucose, ----- produced by plants.a sugarsugaris a sugarwhich it is a sugar
II) Error Identification (Questions 41-50)
Direction: In this part, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. You must choose
the one word or phrase that should be changed in order for the sentence to be
grammatically correct.
41. The building blocks of the proteins necessary for life (a)are amino acids, (b)much of which caot be Synthesized by the body and must (c)be included (d)in the diet.
42. Generally speaking, proteins that come from (a)animal sources are complete (b)whereas (c)those that come from (d)another sources are incomplete proteins.
​​​​43. If no fossil record (a)are available, the (b)next strongest evidence of the kinship among organisms would be similarities in the (c)embryonic development of organisms (d)today.
44. Glucose is different from fructose (a)in its structural, (b)but the molecular for these two sugars (c)is the (d)similar.
45. Human infants (a)are not (b)usually able to walk by (c)theirselves (d)until they reach eleven or twelve months of age.
46. (a)Establishing by California (b)to house its (c)most dangerous prisoners, Alcatraz Prison (d)was considered escape-proof.
47. According to many scientists, (a)the release of man-made chemicals into the atmosphere (b)has made (c)much damage to (d)the fragile ozone layer.
48. The maximum (a)recorded (b)height of the giant sequoia of Northern California, the largest tree in the world, (c)reach (d)more than 330 feet.
​​​​​49. (a)Alike oxygen, which is (b)chemically changed by our bodies (c)into carbon dioxide, nitrogen is merely (d)exhaled back into the air.
50. Bone cells (a)are nourished by a fluid called plasma, (b)derived from (c)the blood, but (d)contained neither the red nor the white corpuscles.
PART B. Vocabulary
I) Completion (Questions 51-60)
Direction: Choose the one alternative which best completes each sentence below.
Do not mark in the test booklet.
51. The banana is a ----- herb that springs from an underground stem to from false trunks up to 20 feet high.sporadicgiganticvigorousplacid
52. One of the primary objectives of the National Forest Service is ----- of forest land for future generations.assimilationillustrationperceptionconservation
53. Mrs. Smith was extremely angry because her sister Sylvia had ----- her secrets to all the neighbors.revealedprobeddepictedd. condoned
54. To be an effective writer, we must organize our thoughts and never ----- too far from the main idea.abandonexemptdigresshamper
55. The planet Mercury is so small that the ----- of its volume to Earth is only about 1 to 20.huecoreratiozenith
56. Contrary to popular opinion, the origin of the circus is ----- recent, having little in common with ancient Roman circuses.comparativelyconstantlyconsistentlyconveniently
57. Crowd behavior is characterized as a ----- collective reaction to a publicly observed event.meticuloustenaciouspreciousspontaneous
58. Mary and Harry could not ----- their differences, so they decided to get a divorce.rehearsereproachrestorereconcile
59. In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farm land for -----.inflationirrigationiovationimplementation
60. Before taking legal against Tom, we need to collect more ----- evidence.feasibletangiblelegiblecompatible
II) Paraphrase (Questions 61- 70)
Direction: Each sentence contains an underlined word or phrase. Choose the one response
which gives the best meaning of the underlined word or expression and mark it on
your answer sheet. Do not mark in the test booklet.
61. By fostering independence in children, you will gain their affection and their respect.frustratingdemystifyingencouragingneglecting
62. Distances in space seem incredibly great when compared to distances on earth.unbelievablyinaccessiblyhopelesslyexcessively
63. The police force’s difficult situation involved a bank robber who threatened to shoot a bank employee if any police approached.testamentdetrimentdeploymentpredicament
64. In the field of artificial intelligence, scientists study methods for developing computer programs that display aspects of intelligent behavior.classifyexhibitdepend onconform to
65. During hibernation, animals remain dormant and their heart rate, breathing, and temperature are very low.motionlesscomfortableagileawake
66. In the 17th century, the idea of drinking chocolate caught on in Europe.became dislikedbecame questionablebecame dangerousbecame popular
67. Formerly a palace, the Louvre was made a museum after the French Revolution.HenceforthFrequentlyPreviouslyEventually
68. When one is not familiar with the customs of a new country, it is likely that he or she will make a blunder.an injuryan enemya mistakea commitment
69. Lifting the shoulders is a gesture that indicates lack of interest.NappingShruggingSighingYawning
70. Even as a child, Thomas Edison had a very inquisitive mind; at the age of three, he performed his first experiment.maturecomplexbrilliantcurious
Section 3. Reading Comprehension
Direction: In this section of the test, you will read four passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions about it. Choose the best answer and mark it on your answer
sheet. Do not mark in the test booklet.
Passage A (Questions 71-78)
Simply being bilingual does not qualify someone to interpret. Interpreting is not merely a mechanical process of converting one sentence in language A into the same sentence in language B. Rather, it’s a complex art in which thoughts and idioms that have no obvious analogues from tongue to tongue-or words that have multiple meanings-must quickly be transformed in such a way that the message is clearly and accurately expressed to the listener.
At one international conference, an American speaker said, “You can’t make a silk purse put of a sow’s ear, “which meant nothing to the Spanish audience. The interpretation was, “A monkey in a silk dress is still monkey” – an idiom the Spanish understood and that conveyed the same idea.
There are two kinds of interpreters, simultaneous and consecutive, each requiring separate talents. The former, sitting in an isolated booth, usually at a large multilingual conference, speaks to listeners wearing headphones, interpreting what a foreign-language speaker says as he says it-actually a sentence behind. Consecutive interpreters are the ones most international negotiators use. They are mainly employed for smaller meetings without sound booths, headphones, and other high-teach gear. Equally taxing in its own way, consecutive interpretation also requires two-person teams. A foreign speaker says his piece while the interpreter, using a special shorthand, takes notes and during a pause, tells the client what was said. Consecutive translation constitutes the basis of both types of interpretation, as it develops the requisite analytical skills. While 99 percent of the interpreter’s work is done in the simultaneous mode, consecutive translation is used whenever a high degree of accuracy is required.
71. What is the purpose of this passage?To explain the scope of interpretingTo differentiate between simultaneous and consecutive interpretersTo state the qualifications of an interpreterTo point out the importance of an interpreter
72. The author implies that most people are of the opinion that the skill of interpreting is ------based on principles of business.very complex and demanding.highly valued and admired.simpler than it really is.
73. The example of the expression “You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear” is used to -----show the differences in language A and language B.stress the importance of word for word translation.emphasize the need for translation of the meaning of the utterance.to point out the difference in attributes of animals english and spanish.
74. What does the phrase “The former” in line 11 reform to?Simultaneous interpretersThe boothConsecutive interpretersSeparate talents
75. It can be inferred from the passage that a necessary prerequisite of being a translator is -----being a linguist.being bilingual.being able to use high-tech equipment.working well with people.
76. According to the passage, which of the following would a consecutive interpreter be used for?A business transaction between two foreign speakersA large meeting of many nationsA translation of a firing bookAn interpretation of a major literary work
77. Based on the description given in the passage, what would a simultaneous interpreter be most in need of?A dictionary or phrase bookAdvanced technical style in writingHeadphones and a boothShorthand skills and a notepad
78. It can be inferred from the passage that simultaneous translation -----is not in high demand.is more accurate than consecutive translation.does not involve analytical skills.would be learned after mastering the skills of consecutive translation.
Passage B (Questions 79-85)
Most volcanoes are found along an imaginary belt called the Ring of Fire, which encircles the Pacific Ocean. However, volcanic activity takes place in many far-flung regions of the world, such as Hawaii, Iceland, Europe, and even the floor of the earth’s oceans. The leading theory as to why volcanic activity, as well as earthquakes, takes place when and where it does is called the theory of “plate tectonics.” The theory holds that the outer shell of the earth is divided into many different rigid sections of rock, called plates. These plates are not static; they are in continuous motion over a layer of partly melted rock. While their movement may appear insignificant, at only several inches per year, it is not. Indeed, the collisions between the plates caused by this almost imperceptible movement can have catastrophic consequences. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are concentrated near the boundaries of these giant, moving plates.
The majority of volcanoes are formed at the point where two plates collide. One of the plates is forced underneath the other. As the plate sinks, the earth’s heat and the friction of the movement cause a portion of the sinking plate to melt. This melted portion of plate is called magma, and when it reaches the earth’s surface it becomes a volcano. Volcanoes can also be created when two plates begin to diverge. Then, magma from below the earth’s crust moves up to fil the void between the two plates. Large quantities of lava spill out from the void. Volcanoes of this type usually are found not on land, but on the ocean floor. In extreme instances this can lead to the formation of gigantic, sunken mountain ranges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that spans nearly the entire length of the Atlantic Ocean. The theory of plate tectonics also explains why some volcanic activity takes place so far from any known plate boundaries. Basically, these volcanoes are the result of huge columns of magma, or plumes, which rise up and break through the surface of the earth.
79. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?Volcanic Activity in the Ring of FireThe Problems with Plate Tectonic TheoryA Theory of Volcano FormationThe Role of Magma in Plate Tectonics
80. Which of the following is The Ring of Fire?The place where the highest concentration of volcanoes is found An island in the Pacific OceanHawaiiThe Mid-Atlantic Ocean
81. It can be inferred from the passage that the theory of plate tectonics is -----unable to explain European volcanoes.widely acceptedbiter suited to explaining volcanic activity than that of earthquakes.used to predict the exact timing of earthquakes.
82. It can be inferred from the passage that -----the plates will eventually stop moving.most earthquakes may be prevented.the mid-Atlantic Ridge is visible from land.plates are very unlikely to move a kilometer in a year.
83. Which of the following is the word “imperceptible” in line 9 closest in meaning to?DangerousInvisibleFuriousGeographic
84. Which of the following is true about volcanoes formed at the point at which two plates diverge?The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of this.Most volcanoes are formed in this way.Plate tectonic theory is not able to explain it.They do not involve magma.
85. Volcanic activity in southern Europe would likely be the result of -----its location in the Ring of Fire. a scientific miscalculation.the collision of two plates. instability in the ocean floor.
Passage C (Questions 86-93)
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encourages demineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been “primed” by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental hygiene program should be followed. Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible, enabling saliva to neutralize acid and demineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the demineralization of early carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in you saliva produce. But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets than stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush. Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when eating sweets.
86. What does the passage mainly discuss?Good nutritionFood with fiberWays to keep your teeth healthyFluoridation and cavities
87. According to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are true EXCEPT -----it consists of acid producing bacteriait is not affected by eating sweetsit can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossingit reduces the positive effect of saliva
88. Which of the following is a benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth?It strengthens tooth enamel.It stimulates saliva production.It makes teeth whiter.It is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care.